Blizzard Hailstorm Lightning Typhoon
1. What type of severe weather would most likely decrease coral reef biodiversity by damaging coral skeletons and polyps?
Blizzard Hailstorm Lightning Typhoon
2. What evidence exists to support the theory of plate tectonics?
Fixed points on the Earth's surface move relative to one another. Rock formations in deserts show evidence of erosion by glaciers. Satellite images show a single landmass on earth 175 million years ago. The lithosphere is the same age across the entire surface of Earth.
3. The planet Venus has a large amount of water vapor in its atmosphere, and like Earth, has experienced extensive volcanic activity throughout its history. Does this finding prevent the outside-in model from becoming a theory? Why or why not? Yes, because Venus is near Earth and was likely affected by the same comets. Yes, because it shows that volcanic activity is necessary for a planet to have water. No, because data taken on Venus is not applicable to ocean formation theory on Earth. No, because a single observation on one planet is not sufficient to discredit a theory.
4. Which of the following best describes the nitrogen cycle?
Cycling of nitrogen and oxygen that contributes 78% of atmospheric gases and drives food webs Cycling of nitrogen and oxygen that involves changes between the solid, liquid, and gas phases Cycling of nitrogen that contributes 78% of atmospheric gases and drives food webs Cycling of nitrogen that involves changes between the solid, liquid, and gas phases
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5. Wegener's theory of continental drift was largely dismissed by the mid-1900s. What new evidence was able to revive this theory, and why?
Mid-ocean ridges exist, suggesting that parts of the ocean floor used to be above sea level. Some parts of the ocean floor were younger than others, suggesting that some plates were being subducted. The coastlines of South America and Africa were similar in shape, suggesting that they shared a common tectonic plate. The mantle moves through convection, suggesting that rock in the Earth is not solid.
6) If there is an increase in evaporation due to higher ocean surface temperatures, what process would need to increase to keep the water cycle balanced?
Evapotranspiration Precipitation Respiration Water runoff
7) Between 3,000 and 6,000 meters below the ocean surface, over 50% of the earth's surface is covered by what kind of formation?
Abyssal plains Continental shelves Mid-ocean ridges Underwater volcanoes
8) The biodiversity and distribution of penguin species in the Antarctic Peninsula are changing as sea ice disappears. This is most likely caused by what factor?
Climate change Severe weather Decreasing oxygen levels in the ocean Increasing acidity levels in the ocean
9) One impact of climate change is the warming of the oceans. This increase in temperature affects the biodiversity of species, especially in northern waters. How have these increasing temperatures most likely influenced northern animals?
Additional offspring are being produced, which dramatically increases population size. Animals from the south are expanding their ranges, which increases competition. Many of the animals living there are showing changes in their feeding preferences. There is an increase in primary productivity, allowing food chains to greatly expand.
10) The Gakkel Ridge is formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. What would most likely be observed at this tectonic boundary?
Mountains created by the movement of magma into the fissure between two tectonic plates Frequent earthquakes caused by the rubbing of two tectonic plates against each other Destruction of the oceanic lithosphere by plate movement under the crust due to subduction Chasms reaching the mantle caused by the movement of two tectonic plates away from each other
11) When the Earth's continental crust and ocean crust formed, they were different densities. Why did they differ in density and how did this affect their formation?
The continental crust was thicker and less dense. It rose above sea level, separating land from water. The continental crust was thicker and more dense. It sunk below sea level, separating land from water. The continental crust was thinner and less dense. It rose above sea level, separating land from water. The continental crust was thinner and more dense. It sunk below sea level, separating land from water.
12) What term describes water that is deposited on Earth's surface?
Humidity Precipitation Pressure Wind
13) The theory of plate tectonics is supported by evidence that some sediment layers on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean are thinner than expected. How does this observation support the theory of plate tectonics?
It suggests that ocean waters move quickly over this layer. It suggests that ocean waters move slowly over this layer. It suggests that the deposits are older than surrounding layers. It suggests that the deposits are younger than surrounding layers.
14) What would most likely prevent the outside-in model from becoming an accepted scientific theory?
Multiple observations of water vapor being ejected by volcanoes Observing that a single volcanic eruption increased water vapor levels Finding multiple comets in our solar system that contain water Finding that water extracted from a single comet is not similar to ocean water
15) Where do supporters of the outside-in model say Earth's water originated from?
Inside of volcanoes Inside the atmosphere Bonded to meteorites that hit the Earth Bonded to minerals in Earth's mantle
16) Which process of the hydrological cycle is maintained by the ocean's large surface area?
Evaporation Infiltration Seepage Sublimation