Question Details

ENMT340
Final Exam
1) Which of the following are examples of environmental technology?      (3 points)
 
Green building initiative
 
Conservation strategies
 
Fuel standards legislation
 
Coagulation and flocculation
 
Catalytic converter

2) Using the ideal gas law, determine how many molecules of oxygen and nitrogen molecules are in 1.0 liter of air at 22 C and 1.0 atm.         (2 points)
 
a million molecules of N2 and 200,000 molecules of O2
 
two trillion molecules of N2 and 500,000,000,000 molecules of O2
 
2.0 x 1022 molecules of N2 and 5 x 1022 molecules of O2
 
2.0 x 1022 molecules of N2 and 5 x 1021 molecules of O2
 
2.0 x 1023 molecules of N2 and 5 x 1022 molecules of O2

3)Which of the following statements are correct about hydraulic systems?  (Check all that apply.)  (3 points)
 
Always incorporate the use of pumps.
 
The main force for hydrostatic pressure is our atmosphere
 
The hydrostatic pressure is the same throughout a given area defined by height of water column
 
When you want SI units of pressure, you use the equation P = 0.43 x h
4)Which statement(s) is/are correct about any given water flow rate in closed pipes?   (1 point)
 
The velocity of flow is inversely proportional to the area of flow
 
The velocity of flow is inversely proportional to the diameter of pipes carrying the water
 
The calculations for water flow assume water is a compressible fluid
 
The flow rate can be expressed in ML/day.


5) Please examine the picture above and check all the correct statements about the figure:  (3 points)
 
 
It is a schematic of soil vapor extraction
 
It is a schematic of air sparging
 
Pressurized air is injected into saturated zone at controlled pressures and volumes to force out volatile contaminants
 
It oxidizes contaminants to carbon dioxide and water

6) Please check all correct statements about the figure above:   (3 points)
 

 
The solids on top are due to eutrophication
 
It is part of primary sewage treatment
 
It is part of secondary sewage treatment
 
We must continually bring in oxygen into the aerobic zone so that bacteria can metabolize carbon compounds into carbon dioxide and water




7) Remediation and control of radon in homes include:   (3 points)

 
Air stripping
 
Seal all floor cracks and joints to prevent radon entry
 
Ventilation inside of the home
 
Subslab ventilation

8) In general, three primary considerations in designing an effective control strategy in an industrial setting are:  (3 points)

 
environmental factors, systemic factors, and economic factors 
 
environmental factors, ethical factors, and economic factors 
 
environmental factors, engineering factors, and geopolitical factors 
 
environmental factors, engineering factors, and economic factors 

9)Whatstatement(s) is (are) correct about the figure above?   (3 points)
 
 
It represents plans for water distribution
 
Pipe placement takes advantage of gravity
 
It is a gridiron system
 
Pumps are appropriately placed to minimize fluctuations in pressure
10) Which of the following are techniques that can be used to analyze gases, if the gases can be brought into solution?   (3 points)
 
Electrostatic precipitators
 
Activated carbon adsorption
 
Infrared absorption
 
Colorimetry
 
High-volume sampler
11) Which of the following options, the US EPA encourages or can be successfully used as an integrated waste management strategy for all waste streams? (3 points)
 
recycling
 
reducing use of materials
 
open burning at abandoned backyards
 
source reduction composting
 
landfilling/disposal
12) Sources of industrial hazardous waste generation can be roughly divided into:(3 points)
 
Large-quantity generators
 
Sewage
 
Small-quantity generators
 
Block of lead
 
Conditionally exempt small-quantity generators
13)
 
Which of the following statements are correct about the figure above?  (1 point)
 
It shows three leachate collection zones
 
It is a schematic of a leachate collection system for a secure landfill.
 
It is a schematic of a leachate collection system for a sanitary landfill.
 
The compacted clay liner helps to collect leachate.
14)Please fill in each sentence with the most appropriate word or phrase (15 points).
 
 ______ is typically accomplished by bringing gases in contact with various aqueous solutions.
 
The solubility of gases ______ as the temperature of water increases.
 
Manning- formula is based upon _______ flow.
 
If you are given the mass of compound X and you need to determine the volume that mass will take up, you will need to find the _______ of compound X.
 
_______ occurs when molecules are physically attracted to surfaces and essentially sit on top of surfaces.
 
Water pollution control project typically use the ________ flow for design computations of drought flow.
 
The most common technology for capturing sulfur dioxide emissions is ________.
 
To determine how flow velocity changes when pipe size changes, we use the concept of continuity of flow.  This concept applies to all liquids that are ____________.
 
Most _______ are not pathogenic, but its presence is used to indicate the presence of possible pathogens.
 
________ is a physical parameter is water that can interfere with disinfection processes and harbor microorganisms.
 
The dominant product (resulting molecule) of incineration is______ (for complete combustion).
 
Activated sludge and/or trickling filters are the most widely used technologies to achieve ___________ treatment.
 
_______ a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic matter in the water.
 
For a region of the world that has very cold winters and hot summers, you would most likely use ______ as sewer pipe materials.
 
Sampling frequencies and locations are stipulated in the _____ permit for wastewater effluent standards.
 
A physical process that can remediate both solid waste and hazardous waste is ________.  This is also the least desirable of all possible waste remediation options, both for solid wastes and for hazardous wastes.
		1.	Absorption
2.	Adsorption
3.	ARARs
4.	Bacteria
5.	BOD
6.	CO2
7.	CO, hydrocarbons, and PCBs
8.	Coliforms
9.	Aeration
10.	Compressible
11.	Decrease
12.	Denitrofication
13.	Density
14.	DO
15.	Flue gas desulfurization
16.	Incompressible
17.	Increase
18.	Land disposal
19.	Leachate
20.	Larger
21.	MA7CD10
22.	Molecular mass
23.	Mole
24.	NPDES
25.	Nonuniform open channel
26.	Open channel
27.	PVC
28.	Perc test
29.	Primary
30.	Reinforced concrete pipe
31.	Secondary
32.	Sheet
33.	Smaller
34.	Settled particles
35.	Syngas
36.	Temperature
37.	Tertiary
38.	Turbidity
39.	Viruses
40.	Volume

15)A solid waste becomes hazardous waste when the waste is listed on one of the four RCRA hazardous waste lists (F, K, P and U lists) published in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 261) or possesses at least one of the following characteristics:  (Select all that apply!) (3 points)
 
Corrosivity
 
Reactivity
 
Ignitability
 
Toxicity
16) The removal efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) can be expressed mathematically as:  (3 points)
E = 100 * (1-e-wA/Q)     
Where E = percent removal efficiency
e = base of natural logarithm, equal to 2.718
w= effective drift velocity
A=total surface area of plates
Q=gas flow rate through the unit 
From the equation above, which of the following statements can be directly concluded?
 
The gas flow rate must be slow and uniform across each plate to obtain high removal efficiencies.
 
The removal efficiency will increase proportionately with increasing surface area of the electrostatic plates
 
Doubling the drift velocity will cut the efficiency by half
 
Increasing drift velocity will increase efficiency, but there is a physical limit to this as we need to maintain constant drift velocity
17) Check all correct statements about wet scrubbers (3 points)
 
Scrubbers remove gases and vapors through adsorption
 
Scrubber liquids can react with some off-gas components
 
Scrubber are capable of removing particulates as well as gases and vapors
 
Scrubbers have low capital costs and low maintenance cost
18)Which of these are important factors to consider when determining if soil vapor extraction is appropriate for soil remediation of a hazardous waste spill?  Check all that apply.  (3 points)
 
Contaminants in the air
 
Soil type
 
Melting point of hazardous waste
 
Henry- constants of chemicals in hazardous waste
 
Vapor pressure of chemicals in hazardous waste
19)Which of the following are viable remediation options for soil heavily contaminated with lead and arsenic?[Please do not consider costs or practicality. Just what the technology is capable of doing.]  (3 points)
 
Soil vapor extraction
 
Soil washing
 
Solidification
 
Vitrification
20)Which of the following can be used for hazardous waste treatment?  (3 points)
 
Ion exchange
 
Composting
 
Incineration
 
Bioremediation
 
Solidification
21)Open channel flow is characteristic of flow in storm and sanitary sewers, streams, rivers, and canals. ____________ is typically used to analyze open channel flow systems. Check all that apply.   (3 points)
 
Hazen-Williams Nomograph
 
Hazen-Williams Equation
 
Manning- Formula
 
Darcy- Law
22) Technologies to mitigate CO emissions include which of the following?  Check all correct answers.  (3 points)
 
Increasing oxidation potential in off gas systems
 
Flocculation & filtration
 
Electrostatic precipitators
 
Catalytic converters
 
Precipitation
23) Noise pollution control technologies and personal protective equipment include which of the following?  Check all correct answers.  (3 points)
 
Wave cancelling headphones
 
Zoning laws
 
Insulation around the source of noise
 
Off-gas systems
24) Match the word (s) or concept(s) with the appropriate phrase.  (3 points)
 
_____ are emitted directly into the air from a specific source such as a power plant.
 
_____ plays an important role with regards to atmospheric chemistry in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.
 
_______ is an example of a toxic air pollutant.
		1.	Carbon dioxide
2.	Benzene
3.	Primary pollutants
4.	Ozone

25) Please place the appropriate key word or phrase into the sentence that best describes it.  Note that there are more key words and phrases than there are sentences.  ( 7 points)
 
____________ is a pipe, channel, or chimney from which pollutants are discharged directly into a body of water or the air.
 
_____________ are very important since they recycle all molecules and atoms in nature, allowing all wastes to be used by another species. 
 
 ________ is the destruction of disease-causing microbes in water or sewage effluent, usually by the addition of chlorine, ozone, or UV radiation. 
 
___________ is the pressure exerted by the vapor of a compound in equilibrium with the compound's pure phase at a given temperature. 
 
______________is a biological process for treating garbage and/or sewage sludge, involving aerobic decomposition of organic waste under controlled conditions.
 
______ is a purification process used after secondary treatment aimed primarily at removing nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus). It is also known as tertiary treatment.
 
The ____________ is the maximum concentration of a substance that will dissolve in water at a given temperature. 
 
		1.	Abiotic
2.	Absorption
3.	abiotic
4.	adsorption
5.	advanced treatment
6.	acidity
7.	biogeochemical cycles
8.	Composting
9.	Disinfection
10.	Point source
11.	precipitation
12.	redox 
13.	significant figures
14.	Vapor Pressure 
15.	Volatilization
16.	Water solubility


26) Which of the following statements are correct about the following equation: Qin = Qout? (1 point)
 
It is correct for all fluids
 
It is called the continuity equation
 
The consequence of Q1 = Q2 is also that A1 × V1 = A2 × V2
 
The consequence of Q1 = Q2 is also the doubling of velocity with the doubling of pipe diameter.
27) Please fill in the blanks with the appropriate key word or phrase.  Note that there are more key words and phrases than needed for this exercise.  (7 pts)
 
A _____ network of pipes where water can circulate in interconnected loops, is the preferred pipeline layout.
 
The optimum coagulant dose is usually determined in the laboratory using a _______________. 
 
Pipelines that carry both stormwater and sewage are called ______________. 
 
________ are underground structures that provide access to cleaning, repair, sampling, and flow measurements of pipelines.
 
_________ is a mechanical cutting or shredding device often used for preliminary treatment of sewage.
 
_____________are not enforceable and are used as guidelines or suggestions.
 
_____________  is a water or wastewater sample obtained by mixing individual grab samples taken at regular time intervals over the sampling period. 
		1.	Activated carbon
2.	Aeration
3.	Asbestos cement
4.	Branched
5.	Comminutor
6.	Combined sewers
7.	Composite sample
8.	Ductile iron pipe
9.	Gridiron
10.	Grouting
11.	Infiltration
12.	Jar test
13.	Leakage
14.	Lining
15.	Manholes
16.	Manning- nomograph
17.	Primary MCL
18.	Sanitary sewage
19.	Secondary standards

		
28) Which of these conditions are likely to increase BOD?  (Check all that apply.)  (2 pts)
 
Heat
 
Increased calcium content
 
Increased plant nutrients
 
increased amounts of U-238
 
Increased organics