PSY 302 Week 4 Quiz

PSY 302 Week 4 Quiz | Assignment Help | Ashford University 

Question 1

__________ refers to humans’ tendency to pay attention to people, objects, or events that stand out.

o   Selective perception

o   Contrast effect

o   Regency effect

o   Stereotyping

Question 2

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies referent power?

o   People like to impress Jake because he determines their pay, benefits, promotions, and job assignments.

o   People do what Norma says because they are afraid of being punished if they do not.

o   People follow Jamal because he’s very inspirational and charismatic.

o   People defer to Carmen because she is CEO and has been for 20 years.

Question 3

Which of the following reflects the correct order of the process of organizational communication?

o   channel à message encoding à source à noise à receiver à feedback loop message decoding

o   feedback loop à source à channel à message encoding à noise à message decoding à receiver

o   source à message encoding à channel à noise à receiver à message decoding à feedback loop

o   noise à message encoding à source à channel à message decoding à receiver à feedback loop

Question 4

A communication network’s __________ compares the number of connections that actually exist between network members with the total number that could possibly form.

o   density

o   centralization

o   connectivity

o   consolidation

Question 5

According to implicit leadership theory, which of the following qualities is typically associated with negative leadership?

o   sensitivity

o   intelligence

o   dynamism

o   masculinity

Question 6

Which of the following directions of communication is MOST important to project-based organizations?

o   lateral

o   diagonal

o   hierarchical

o   upward

Question 7

According to Hofstede’s national cultural model, which of the following best describes a culture that has a high degree of power distance?

o   It strives to equalize the distribution of power.

o   It demands that inequalities of power be justified.

o   It has a tightly knit societal framework in which individuals have unquestioning loyalty to their family.

o   It accepts a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place.

Question 8

Lena’s power stems from her special skills, knowledge, expertise, and competence. What kind of leadership power does Lena possess?

o   expert

o   referent

o   legitimate

o   coercive

Question 9

How did 3M stimulate creativity in its employees?

o   It gave every employee a brightly lit and colorful work space decorated with plants.

o   It let them devote a portion of their workday to pursuing creative projects and interests.

o   It rewarded employees’ creative suggestions with financial bonuses.

o   It had a policy of not punishing employees or giving them overly critical feedback.

Question 10

Joshua is a neuroscientist who is attending a conference about brain injury and memory. During one of the panels, he notices a colleague named Aaron who is barefoot with a bedsheet swathed around him. Who is Aaron in this situation?

o   the observer

o   the target

o   the perceiver

o   the situation

Question 11

Which of the following LEAST affects the improvement of individual decision making?

o   acquiring expertise and experience

o   focusing on surface-level criteria

o   taking an outsider’s view

o   debiasing judgments

Question 12

Which of the following is a drawback of people-centric leadership?

o   It discourages employees from feeling like they are part of the company’s success.

o   It fails to adequately acknowledge employees for their work.

o   It can result in ineffective decision making.

o   It can reduce employee autonomy and creativity.

Question 13

In __________ leadership, leaders challenge the status quo, rally followers around an inspirational vision, empower followers, support followers’ needs, and take personal risks to achieve success.

o   supportive

o   transformational

o   charismatic

o   achievement-oriented

Question 14

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the rights approach to ethical decision making?

o   It is impractical and fails to consider that budgets and resources are limited.

o   It focuses on minutia that can interfere with productivity and efficiency.

o   It can create feelings of entitlement that reduce motivation.

o   It can threaten the welfare of many people, often society’s most disadvantaged members.

Question 15

As per Trompenaars’s seven cultural factors for cross-cultural communication, which of the following best describes the traits of being specific and diffuse?

o   the way in which a society acknowledges status

o   the way in which society views time

o   the degree to which the whole person is involved in an interaction

o   the degree to which interactions should include emotion

Question 16

Brianna needs to get her employee, Devon, to perform as best as possible. Devon is a nice person and very willing to work hard, though he lacks certain skills that make him able to do his job at the level Brianna would like. Given this situation, what leadership style should Brianna use, according to Hersey and Blanchard’s model?

o   telling

o   selling

o   participating

o   delegating

Question 17

Which of the following is LEAST likely to constitute a barrier to effective communication?

o   selective perception

o   language barriers

o   emotions

o   information underload

Question 18

The authors offer Bill Gates and Warren Buffet as examples of what type of leader?

o   transactional

o   authentic

o   spiritual

o   ethical

Question 19

Randy tends to experience negative emotions such as anger, guilt, shame, fear, and anxiety. Given this, which of the following is most likely TRUE about Randy’s ability to make decisions?

o   Randy is more effective at making decisions because he doesn’t sugarcoat things or get blinded by optimism.

o   Randy is more effective at making decisions because he doesn’t take subjective things like people’s feelings into account.

o   Randy is less effective at making decisions because he doesn’t see the point and gets paralyzed by indecision.

o   Randy is less effective at making decisions because he doesn’t process information accurately.

Question 20

Which is the MOST effective form of transactional leadership?

o   management by exception

o   individual consideration

o   contingent rewards

o   laissez-faire

Question 21

Jenni is a sales rep who failed to open the minimum number of new accounts last month; so did all of the sales reps in Jenni’s department. How would someone using attribution theory as a framework describe Jenni’s behavior?

o   It has high consistency.

o   It has high consensus.

o   It has low distinctiveness.

o   It has high validity.

Question 22

Research shows that people tend to overestimate the extent to which behavior is due to one’s abilities or traits and underestimate the extent to which it is based on situational factors beyond a person’s control. What is the term for this tendency?

o   self-serving bias

o   recency error

o   fundamental attribution error

o   contrast error

Question 23

What two factors are the focus of leader–member exchange theory?

o   tasks and goals

o   emotional intelligence and expert power

o   in-groups and out-groups

o   network connectivity and network density

Question 24

In which step in the rational decision-making model does an organization consider the feasibility of all possible solutions to the problem?

o   defining the problem

o   identifying criteria

o   generating alternatives

o   weighing criteria

Question 25

Which ethical approach suggests that the interlocking relationships of society form the basis of ethical reasoning?

o   common good

o   rights

o   justice

o   virtue